China: Mao's Legacy
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Mao remains a controversial figure and there is little agreement over his legacy both in China and abroad. He is regarded as one of the most important and influential individuals in the twentieth century.[264][265] He is also known as a political intellect, theorist, military strategist, poet, and visionary.[266] He was credited and praised for driving imperialism out of China,[267] having unified China and for ending the previous decades of civil war. He is also credited with having improved the status of women in China and for improving literacy and education. In December 2013, a poll from the state-run Global Times indicated that roughly 85% of the 1,045 respondents surveyed felt that Mao's achievements outweighed his mistakes.[268]
Though the Chinese Communist Party, which Mao led to power, has rejected in practice the economic fundamentals of much of Mao's ideology, it retains for itself many of the powers established under Mao's reign: it controls the Chinese army, police, courts and media and does not permit multi-party elections at the national or local level, except in Hong Kong and Macau. Thus it is difficult to gauge the true extent of support for the Chinese Communist Party and Mao's legacy within mainland China. For its part, the Chinese government continues to officially regard Mao as a national hero. On 25 December 2008, China opened the Mao Zedong Square to visitors in his home town of central Hunan Province to mark the 115th anniversary of his birth.[285]
There continue to be disagreements on Mao's legacy. Former party official Su Shachi has opined that \"he was a great historical criminal, but he was also a great force for good.\"[287] In a similar vein, journalist Liu Binyan has described Mao as \"both monster and a genius.\"[287] Some historians argue that Mao was \"one of the great tyrants of the twentieth century\", and a dictator comparable to Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin,[288][289] with a death toll surpassing both.[189][269] In The Black Book of Communism, Jean Louis Margolin writes that \"Mao Zedong was so powerful that he was often known as the Red Emperor. ... the violence he erected into a whole system far exceeds any national tradition of violence that we might find in China.\"[290] Mao was frequently likened to the First Emperor of a unified China, Qin Shi Huang, and personally enjoyed the comparison.[291] During a speech to party cadre in 1958, Mao said he had far outdone Qin Shi Huang in his policy against intellectuals: \"What did he amount to He only buried alive 460 scholars, while we buried 46,000. In our suppression of the counter-revolutionaries, did we not kill some counter-revolutionary intellectuals I once debated with the democratic people: You accuse us of acting like Ch'in-shih-huang, but you are wrong; we surpass him 100 times.\"[292][293] As a result of such tactics, critics have compared it to Nazi Germany.[289][c]
The most difficult legacy of territorial loss was Taiwan. Taken as a colony by Japan in 1895, it was returned to Chinese control under the Nationalist regime in 1945. But after 1949 Nationalist-ruled Taiwan neither reunified with mainland China nor declared independence from it, posing one of the major continuing problems for PRC diplomacy.
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\"In no country in the world is the problem of confronting a revolutionary past more challenging than in China,\" said Elizabeth J. Perry, Professor of Government at Harvard University and Director of the Harvard-Yenching Institute. \"China's stunning economic ascendance has focused renewed attention both inside and outside of China on the legacy of China's revolution.\"
Today, Perry noted, 12% of households report that they regularly worship Mao. Altars with Mao's figure or portrait are commonplace, and in towns like Anyuan, people light joss sticks and set off fireworks to celebrate Mao's legacy. Perry suggested that as China looks towards the future, the Communist Party is working to ensure that the revolution's heritage becomes interwoven into the fabric of the country's culture.
BEIJING (Reuters) - Chinese police detained a well-known Marxist at a top university on Wednesday, a witness said, on the sensitive anniversary of the 125th birthday of the founder of modern China, Mao Zedong, whose legacy remains deeply contested.
It's a sure sign of fame when a man is known simply by his first name, and Mao Zedong, often referred to simply as Mao or Chairman Mao, was one of the most influential men of the 20th century. He was also arguably the most controversial; as the founder of the People's Republic of China, Mao rose from being a communist revolutionary to successfully overthrowing a regime and transforming China into a communist powerhouse in Asia. The ramifications of Mao's life and legacy are still very much felt today, as China continues to transition into a superpower that may soon lay claim to the world's largest economy.
This publication, edited by Sebastian Heilmann and Elizabeth Perry, is a timely contribution that attempts to understand the characteristics and impacts of Mao's legacy on the political and policy processes in China. This book is a collection of 10 papers from well-established scholars, ranging from politics, policy study, history, and law to communications. 59ce067264